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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of a digital concept sort of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's created and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the first instance of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength class that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment method based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This brings individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the dual spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can easily be replicated and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, visite site owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this currency (and especially citizens with little alternative) keep the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle every hour, and will this content continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been reached. This creates bitcoin more appealing as an advantage in concept, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified with the address of his or her wallet. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they are permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is recorded on the network, and if more than an hour has passed, then it's not possible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet some, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 with an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.